Creating Onion Services on OpenBSD
OpenBSD is a new beast for me. I’m still learning, experimenting, and trying out new things. Yesterday I was able to create 3 onion services on it quite easily but it takes time to learn the correct order of operations and to learn how to find out why things don’t work when you think they should.
A word about OpenBSD
OpenBSD isn’t friendly to newbies. The developers, users, and management work to make the best and most secure OS that they can. When you work with OpenBSD, it is assumed that you have at least a moderate to advanced amount of Linux or Unix knowledge and experience before starting and that you know how to read documentation, man pages, etc. Don’t bother asking for help unless you’ve done your homework first. Here’s an unedited quote from a recent mailing list post:
> I never read
Please stop wasting our time then.
Setting up Tor
It will become obvious in a minute, but it’s important to set up your Tor onion services first and your web server later. We will be setting up 3 onion services with 3 completely different addresses that have completely different websites associated with them.
First install Tor:
pkg_add tor
Enable the tor service:
rcctl enable tor
Here is my torrc file. It can be a little hard to see, but I enabled separate logging and debugging for Tor when I was working through this. If you don’t, it can be hard to see why something isn’t working. For example, mine kept failing but I couldn’t get a good error as to why until I did this. The reason was because I hand’t actually created the /var/tor/ directories nor set them to the correct permissions. I didn’t see that until I starting watching those logs.
Here is how I set up the configuration for each site. These are the directories that I forgot to create. They contain the public and private keys and the hostname for each onion service.
HiddenServiceDir /var/tor/site1 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:8080
HiddenServiceDir /var/tor/site2 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:8081
HiddenServiceDir /var/tor/site3 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:8082
Each onion service is running internally on port 8080, 8081, or 8082, etc. This is the port that the actual OpenBSD OS will see running. However, tor will be expecting traffic to come in on the standard http port 80. You might be wondering how this works. Tor will be advertising my onion service on port 80. That traffic will come in via tor and get translated to the internal port that the OS will use.
Once I had this running correctly, I finally started tor.
rcctl start tor
Once tor is up an running, check each HiddenServiceDir for the hostname of each onion service. You will need them to test the web server.
Setting up httpd
OpenBSD has it’s own web server that comes with the standard installation called httpd. This is not the same as the Apache httpd that comes with Redhat or Ubuntu. This is a secure minimalist webserver which might actually be ideal for Onion services.
By default, you can’t just start the httpd service and have it running with a default configuration like you can with Apache or Nginx. You actually need to create an /etc/httpd.conf file first. Here is mine.
## Site 1
server “tpsh5cb4zl73pwymkkuopl4roibk4envf6k3ybdcdzuhuztrytsnxxqd.onion” { listen on * port 8080 root “/htdocs/tpsh5cb4zl73pwymkkuopl4roibk4envf6k3ybdcdzuhuztrytsnxxqd.onion” }
Include additional MIME types
types { include “/usr/share/misc/mime.types” }
Site 2
server “ueaireabdst7uqupz5dlrt5vhltgid3wyz4esgwd7buug7nc2absawyd.onion” { listen on * port 8081 root “/htdocs/ueaireabdst7uqupz5dlrt5vhltgid3wyz4esgwd7buug7nc2absawyd.onion” }
Site 3
server “r6udfh5el5bigkpnh7twtsx3j6w6cxmyexlaa23vacqugq7jo6hxlryd.onion” { listen on * port 8082 root “/htdocs/r6udfh5el5bigkpnh7twtsx3j6w6cxmyexlaa23vacqugq7jo6hxlryd.onion” }
The first things is the define the name of the url that traffic will be coming in on. I got this from the onion hostname that was generated by tor. Secondly, that hostname needs to be matched with the internal port number that tor will be sending traffic to. Finally you need to tell the web server where to find the actual html that make up that website. I used the complete onion name for that directory. That’s not actually necessary but to me it is helpful. Be careful: although the line of code says “root” it is not the compete directory. htdocs is actually under /var/www/.
You can test your web server’s configuration without actually starting it by running:
httpd -n
Once you get a “configuration OK” status, you can enable and start it
rcctl enable httpd
rcctl start httpd
A really great resource for starting to work with this web server is here. I would suggest waiting 30 seconds or so after starting the web server to check the urls with the Tor Browser or you can check them directly using the internal ports with curl.
Final thoughts:
OpenBSD put security before performance.
OpenBSD believes in strong security. Our aspiration is to be NUMBER ONE in the industry for security (if we are not already there). Our open software development model permits us to take a more uncompromising view towards increased security than most vendors are able to. We can make changes the vendors would not make. Also, since OpenBSD is exported with cryptography, we are able to take cryptographic approaches towards fixing security problems.
Security is not privacy and it is certainly not anonymity and yet these things work well together. This focus makes OpenBSD the right match for those who want to use Tor and why I will always suggest that people avoid Windows or Macs for those who are serious about privacy because they put those platforms put user experience and sales before anything else on top of being closed source.